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The State Judiciary

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Class 10 Civics Chapter 5
The State Judiciary
Important Questions

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Here are class 10 The State Judiciary important questions and answers.These questions aim to aid students in practising and achieving high scores in their ICSE Class 10 History & Civics Examination 2024-25. Diverse question types will assist in clarifying doubts and effective exam preparation, enhancing problem-solving skills, and building confidence. class 10 The State Judiciary important questions and answers. will be helpful in preparing well for the exam.

Introduction

The State Judiciary in India forms a hierarchical structure under the High Court at its apex within each state or union territory. The High Courts exercise jurisdiction over their respective states, adjudicating both civil and criminal matters and overseeing the functioning of lower courts. Judges in the High Courts are appointed by the President of India, in consultation with the Chief Justice of India and the Governor of the respective state. These judges serve until the age of 62, unless impeached for misconduct or incapacity.Below the High Courts are the subordinate judiciary or the lower courts, which include District Courts and other specialised courts like Family Courts, Consumer Courts, and Labour Courts, among others. These courts handle the bulk of the legal matters, with the District Court being the principal court of original jurisdiction in civil or criminal cases in the district.These concepts are crucial when studying class 10 The State Judiciary important questions and answers.

What is The State Judiciary ?

The State Judiciary in India represents the tier of the legal system at the state level, operating parallel to the Union Judiciary. Each Indian state has its own High Court, responsible for administering justice within its respective state boundaries. These High Courts serve as the highest judicial bodies within the states, dealing with civil and criminal cases, ensuring the adherence to state laws, and safeguarding citizens’ rights. Judges for High Courts are appointed by the President in consultation with the Chief Justice of India and the Governor of the respective state, and they serve until the age of 62, unless impeached for misconduct. The State Judiciary plays a crucial role in interpreting state laws, resolving disputes, and upholding the rights of individuals within the state jurisdiction.
important questions of civics class 10

Class 10 The State Judiciary Important Questions and Answers

Q 1. The Sessions Judge hears appeals against the judgement of:
Options
(a) Chief Judicial Magistrate
(b) Chief Metropolitan Magistrate
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)

Ans.(c) Both (a) and (b)

Explanation:
The Sessions Judge hears appeals against the judgement of the Chief Judicial Magistrate or the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate.All persons convicted by the Sessions Court can appeal to the High Court.

Q 2. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
Options
(a) Lok Adalats were set up on the recommendation of Justice Bhagwati.
(b)These were set up to encourage the settlement of disputes speedily and through compromises between the parties.
(c) On October 6, 1985 for the first time Lok Adalats were held in Delhi.
(d) All of the above

Ans.(d) All of the above

Explanation:
These courts were set up on the recommendation of Justice Bhagwati to encourage the settlement of disputes speedily and through compromises between the parties.Lok Adalats are presided over by judicial officers and other persons who possess such qualifications as may be prescribed by the state.On October 6, 1985, for the first time, Lok Adalats were held in Delhi.Justice P.N. Bhagwat inaugurated the Adalats.

Q 3. Mention how the High Court keeps control over the Legislature and the Executive?

Explanation:
Like the Supreme Court, a High Court also acts as a Guardian of the Constitution. If it finds any law, executive order or any ordinance to be inconsistent with the provisions of the Constitution, it can declare it null and void. Thus, it controls both the Legislature and the Executive.

Q 4. How do the Lok Adalats function?

Explanation:

Functioning of Lok Adalats : Lok Adalats are presided over by judicial officers and other persons, who possess such qualifications as may be prescribed by the State. They make an endeavour to bring compromise or agreement between the parties. On October 6, 1985 for the first time the Lok Adalats were held in Delhi. Justice P. N. Bhagwati inaugurated the Adalats. On the first day, five Lok Adalats were held. On this day, 116 persons received compensation to the tune of ₹35 lakhs. These people had been contesting their motor accident claims since 1978-79. Delhi Transport Corporation immediately made payment to the aggrieved parties. The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 provides that State or district authorities will organise Lok Adalats from time to time. All decisions of the Lok Adalats are now deemed to be decrees of a Civil Court and shall be binding on the parties to the dispute. Up to December 31, 1997 more than seventeen thousand Lok Adalats had been held in different parts of the country. They heard and settled about 68.86 lakh cases. In more than three lakh motor vehicles accident cases, compensation amounting to more than a thousand crore of rupees was awarded.

Q 5. Under which jurisdiction can a High Court accept an appeal against the decision of the District Court ?

Explanation:

Under Appellate Jurisdiction (both civil and criminal), the High Court can accept an appeal against the decisions of the lower courts. In civil cases, the High Court hears the appeal against the decisions of District Judges. In Criminal cases, Appellate Jurisdiction consists of appeals :
(i) Against the judgement of a Sessions Judge or an Additional Sessions Judge, where the sentence of imprisonment exceeds seven years.
(ii) Against the judgments of Assistant Sessions Judge, the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate or other Judicial Magistrates, where the sentence of imprisonment exceeds four years.
Also, the High Courts have the following powers with respect to appeals : (a) A sentence of death must be confirmed by the High Court before it can be carried out; and (b) Appeals by the State also lie to the High Court, when the order of acquittal is passed by a Sessions Judge.

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ICSE Class 10 history and civics Chapter wise Important Questions

Conclusion

If you are looking to further practice and enhance your understanding of the concepts discussed in the chapter, oswal.io provides a comprehensive set of questions of important questions of civics class 10 for understanding the concept in a better way.

Frequently Asked Questions

Ans: In India, the State Judiciary typically consists of a High Court for each state or group of states, and a hierarchy of subordinate courts, such as district courts and other lower courts.
Ans: The High Court is the highest court at the state level. It has jurisdiction over civil and criminal matters within its state. It also has the power to hear appeals from lower courts and supervise their work.
Ans: Judges of the High Courts are appointed by the President of India after consultation with the Chief Justice of India, the Governor of the state, and, in the case of appointment of a judge other than the Chief Justice, the Chief Justice of the High Court.
Ans: High Court judges retire at the age of 62. They can also be removed by impeachment by Parliament for proven misconduct or incapacity.
Ans: Decisions from a High Court can be appealed to the Supreme Court of India if the High Court certifies that the case involves a substantial question of law that requires interpretation of the Constitution.
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