Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 9
Study of Compounds : Ammonia and Nitric Acid
Important Questions

In ICSE Class 10 “Study of Compounds: Ammonia and Nitric Acid,” we delve into the detailed examination of these important chemical compounds. The chapter encompasses a comprehensive study of ammonia (NH_3) and nitric acid (HNO_3), both of which have significant roles in various chemical processes and applications.
Ammonia (NH_3): Ammonia is explored in terms of its laboratory preparation from ammonium chloride and collection. This preparation involves setting up the apparatus, providing diagrams, detailing procedures, observations, and explaining methods for collecting and identifying ammonia gas. Furthermore, the chapter covers alternative methods for generating ammonia, including from nitrides such as Mg_3N_2 and AlN using warm water and from ammonium salts using alkalies.The industrial production of ammonia through the Haber’s Process is also discussed, shedding light on this crucial industrial application. Properties such as the density and solubility of ammonia are investigated, with a demonstration through the fountain experiment. Additionally, the chapter explores the combustion of ammonia in oxygen and the catalytic oxidation of ammonia, with a focus on the necessary conditions and reaction mechanisms.Ammonia’s chemical reactions are a significant part of the chapter, encompassing its interactions with hydrogen chloride, hot copper (II) oxide, and chlorine. These reactions are examined in scenarios involving both excess chlorine and excess ammonia. The behaviour of aqueous ammonia solutions is also explored, including reactions with sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and solutions of various metal compounds such as iron(III) chloride, iron(II) sulphate, lead nitrate, zinc nitrate, and copper sulfate.The chapter concludes with an overview of the diverse applications of ammonia, emphasising its role in the manufacture of fertilisers, explosives, nitric acid, refrigerant gases (including Chlorofluorocarbons), and cleansing agents.
Nitric Acid (HNO_3): In addition to ammonia, the chapter also delves into the study of nitric acid. Nitric acid’s preparation, properties, and chemical reactions are covered comprehensively. This includes methods of laboratory preparation, properties such as concentration and fuming nature, and various reactions, including its reaction with metals, non-metals, and organic compounds.Both ammonia and nitric acid play pivotal roles in the field of chemistry and have a wide range of industrial and practical applications. The study of these compounds is essential for a comprehensive understanding of their properties, behaviours, and the manifold ways they contribute to various chemical processes.