Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 11
Organic Compounds
Important Questions

In ICSE Class 10 “Organic Compounds,” the term “organic compounds” refers to a broad and diverse category of chemical compounds primarily composed of carbon atoms. These compounds form the foundation of organic chemistry, and they play a crucial role in the study of carbon-based chemistry. Organic compounds are characterised by the presence of carbon atoms, often bonded to hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, and other elements. What makes carbon unique in organic compounds is its ability to form stable covalent bonds with a variety of other elements and itself. This property, known as catenation, enables carbon to create complex and diverse molecular structures. In this chapter, you will explore various fundamental aspects of organic compounds, including the unique nature of carbon atoms, their tetra-valency, and their propensity for forming single, double, and triple bonds. You will also delve into the structure and nomenclature of hydrocarbons, which are compounds consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen. Furthermore, the chapter covers isomerism, which arises from the different arrangements of atoms within organic molecules, resulting in compounds with the same molecular formula but distinct structural arrangements and properties. Additionally, you will explore the properties and reactions of different series of organic compounds, including alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons), alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbons with double bonds), and alkynes (unsaturated hydrocarbons with triple bonds). The chapter provides insights into their gradation in properties and their relationships with molecular mass and molecular formula. Through the study of organic compounds, you will gain a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles that govern the behaviour and structure of carbon-based molecules. This knowledge forms the basis for further exploration into the diverse world of organic chemistry, including the study of functional groups, reactions, and the vast array of organic compounds found in nature and synthesised for various applications.