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Ans. (c)
Explanation:
Grasshoppers feed on grass (producers) and are thus classified as primary consumers. When a frog eats a grasshopper, the energy transfer happens from the primary consumer (grasshopper) to the secondary consumer (frog).
Ans. (b)
Explanation:
Decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi, break down dead plants and animals, converting organic matter into inorganic substances like nutrients (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus) that are released into the environment. This process recycles essential nutrients back into the ecosystem.
Explanation:
Vegetarians are at an advantageous position in terms of energy because they obtain food directly from plants, which are producers in the food chain. According to the 10% energy transfer rule in ecology, only about 10% of the energy from one trophic level is passed on to the next level. For example, when herbivores (primary consumers) feed on plants (producers), they receive 10% of the energy stored in plants (e.g., if the plant provides 100 J, the herbivore gets 10 J). Non-vegetarians who eat herbivores (secondary consumers) receive only 10% of the energy from the herbivore (e.g., 1 J from the original 10 J). Thus, vegetarians, by eating directly from the plants, obtain more energy (e.g., 100 J) compared to non-vegetarians who only get a fraction of that energy (e.g., 1 J). This makes vegetarians more energy-efficient in the food chain.
Explanation:
(a) An energy pyramid is a graphical representation of the flow of energy from the producers through the various consumers. It shows the amount of energy available and the loss of useful energy at each step of the food chain in an ecosystem. As the energy gets transferred from lower trophic level to the higher one, there is a loss of large amounts of energy due to metabolism and heat. As a result very little energy (i.e., 10%) gets transferred to the next level. So the trophic level at the base has maximum energy and that at the top has the least amount of energy. Hence the energy pyramid is broader at the base and narrower at the top.
(b) The average percentage of energy lost when plants are eaten by primary consumers is 90%.
Explanation:
(a) (i) Plants capture only about 1% of the solar energy that falls on them and use it for photosynthesis.
(ii) On average, only about 10 % of energy stored as biomass in a trophic level is passed from one level to the next. This is known as “10 percent rule” and it limits the number of trophic levels an ecosystem can support.
(b) Trophic levels refer to the different stages in a food chain where energy is transferred from one organism to another. Organisms are grouped based on their role in the ecosystem, such as producers (first trophic level), consumers (herbivores, carnivores, etc.), and decomposers (last trophic level).
There is only 10% flow of energy from one trophic level to the next higher level. The loss of energy at each step is so great that very little usable remains after four or five trophic levels. Hence only 4 to 5 trophic levels are present in each food chain.
Chapter No. | Chapter Name |
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Chapter 1 | Chemical Reactions and Equations |
Chapter 2 | Acid, Bases and Salts |
Chapter 3 | Metals and Non-Metals |
Chapter 4 | Carbon and its Compounds |
Chapter 5 | Life Processes |
Chapter 6 | Control and Coordination |
Chapter 7 | How do Organisms Reproduce |
Chapter 8 | Heredity |
Chapter 9 | Light : Reflection and Refraction |
Chapter 10 | The Human Eye and the Colourful world |
Chapter 11 | Electricity |
Chapter 12 | Magnetic Effects of Electric Current |
Chapter 13 | Our Environment |
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Chapter Wise Important Questions for CBSE Board Class 10 Science |
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Chemical Reactions and Equations |
Acid, Bases and Salts |
Metals and Non-Metals |
Carbon and its Compounds |
Life Processes |
Control and Coordination |
How do Organisms Reproduce |
Heredity |
Light : Reflection and Refraction |
The Human Eye and the Colourful world |
Electricity |
Magnetic Effects of Electric Current |
Our Environment |
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CBSE Important Questions Class 10
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