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Electrical Power and Household Circuits

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Class 10 Physics Chapter 9
Electrical power and Household circuits
Important Questions

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Electrical power and household circuits are fundamental concepts for understanding how electricity is distributed and used in homes. Comprehending the concepts of electricity is crucial not just for achieving scholastic success but also for understanding the laws governing the real-world occurrences we encounter. Here you will find class 10 Electrical power and Household circuits important questions and answers

Introduction

Understanding the basics of electricity and household circuits is vital for safely utilizing and respecting the power that flows through our homes. Whether you’re plugging in a device, flipping a switch, or considering DIY electrical work, knowledge of these fundamental concepts is essential. Series Circuit components are connected end-to-end, so there’s only one path for the current to take. Parallel Circuit components are connected across common points, providing multiple paths for the current. If you want to prepare well and clear your understanding then below are some household circuit class 10 ICSE questions and answers

What are Electricity?

Electrical power refers to the rate at which electrical energy is transferred or used in a circuit, measured in watts. Household circuits consist of interconnected wiring, devices, and a power source, enabling the distribution of electricity to power appliances and lighting within a home, typically operating at 120 volts in the United States and 230 volts in many other countries. Understanding power in circuits is crucial for safely using and managing electricity in homes, ensuring proper functioning of devices and appliances. If you want to practice more questions and clear your understanding, then oswal.io provides you with ICSE physics class 10 household circuits important questions.
household circuits class 10 icse questions and answers

Class 10 Electrical Power and Household Circuits Important Questions and Answers

Q1. In our houses, electrical appliances are connected in ________ with the mains.
Options
(a) Series
(b) Parallel
(c)Any of the Series and Parallel
(d) It only depends upon the voltage supply at the mains

Ans. (b) Parallel
Explanation:
In our household, electrical appliances are connected in a parallel. It is done so as to ensure that all appliances operate at the same voltage. Because the resistance in a parallel arrangement is minimum, thus each appliance receives full voltage. When one appliance fuses, it has no effect on the operation of the other appliances.

Q2. The use of electrical fuse is :
Options
(a) To prevent short circuit
(b) To prevent overload
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)

Ans. (b) To prevent overload
Explanation:
Both are the works of an electric fuse. An electrical fuse is a safety device used in electrical systems to protect against excessive current, which can result from short circuits, overloads, or device failures. Its primary function is to interrupt or break the electrical circuit if the current exceeds a specified value, thereby preventing potential damage or fire hazards.

Q3. (a) In 30 seconds, a 5 kilowatt electric geyser elevates the temperature of 1 kg of water from 278 K to 328 K. What is the amount of energy supplied by the heater?
(b) Is it safe to connect this electric geyser with the live wire?

Explanation:
(a) Time t = 30 sec Temperature ΔT = 328 – 278 = 50 K Mass of water (m) = 1 kg So, energy supplied by the geyser (Q) = power × time = 5000 × 30 = 150000 = 1.5 × 105 J.
(b) No, it is not safe to connect this electric geyser with the live wire. Because even if the switch is off, still the geyser will have access to current. Thus, it is dangerous to the users.

Q4. What is meant by ‘MCB’ ? Which part of the domestic electric circuit does it replace ?

Explanation:
‘MCB’ stands for miniature circuit breaker’. This a device that automatically switches off the main supply if the current drawn exceeds the prescribed upper safe limit. It can be ‘reset’ with the help of a flip-over switch. It protects the entire circuit and appliances against short circuiting, etc.

Q5. State relative advantages and disadvantages of ring system of wiring over the tree system.

Explanation:
The relative advantages and disadvantages of ring system of wiring over the tree system are as follows:
Advantages:
(i) The tree system of wiring requires the plugs and sockets of different sizes for different current capacities while they are all of the same size in ring system of wiring.
(ii) The tree system of wiring has one fuse in one distribution line. If the fuse in one distribution line blows, it disconnects all the appliances in that distribution line. But in the ring system, a separate fuse is connected with each appliances. So if one fuse blows, it does not affect the other appliances.
(iii) The tree system of wiring is expensive while the ring system of wiring is cheaper.
(iv) It is expensive and inconvenient to install a new appliance in the tree system of wiring since it requires to put the new leads up to the distribution box, while it is easy to install a new appliance in the ring system since the appliance can be directly connected to ring mains in the room.
Disadvantages:
The only disadvantage of ring system of wiring over the tree system is that while installing a new appliance, care has to be taken that the total load on the ring circuit does not exceed the main fuse rating (i.e., generally 30 amp).

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ICSE Class 10 Physics Chapter wise Important Questions

Conclusion

Electricity has become an indispensable part of modern living, powering everything from lights to appliances in our homes. Household circuits are meticulously designed to ensure the safe distribution of electrical power throughout the residence. These circuits are safeguarded by circuit breakers or fuses, which act as protective measures against electrical overloads or faults. If you seek additional practice and a deeper comprehension of the topics covered in the chapter, oswal.io offers an extensive array of ICSE physics class 10 household circuits important questions to facilitate a more profound understanding of the concepts.

Frequently Asked Questions

Ans: A household circuit is a closed loop system that allows electric current to flow and power electrical appliances and fixtures in the home.
Ans: Circuit breakers are protective devices that automatically shut off power to a circuit if they detect an overload or short circuit. This prevents potential fires or damage to appliances.
Ans: Both circuit breakers and fuses serve the same primary function of providing overcurrent protection. The main difference is that a fuse will burn out and need to be replaced when overloaded, whereas a circuit breaker can be reset after tripping.
Ans: These are Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) outlets. They are designed to protect against electric shock by quickly shutting off power when they detect an imbalance in the flow of current.
Ans: Large appliances, like refrigerators or air conditioners, can draw significant amounts of current when they start up. This can momentarily reduce the available current for other devices, leading to a temporary dimming of lights.
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