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Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Home / Boards / CBSE / Important Questions / Class 12 / Physics / Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Class 12 Physics Chapter 2
Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Important Questions

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For the 2024–2025 CBSE Class 12 Physics Exam, it’s crucial to engage with diverse question types on “Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance.” These class 12 physics electrostatic potential and capacitance important questions and answers have been tailored to aid in comprehensive preparation, allowing students to address uncertainties, boost confidence, and refine problem-solving skills. By exploring electrostatic important questions students can solidify their grasp on “Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance.” These electric potential and capacitance important questions aim to reinforce the most pivotal and relevant parts of the topic, enabling students to approach the exam with confidence and proficiency.

Introduction

“Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance” is a captivating chapter in Class 12 Physics that delves into the intriguing world of electrical phenomena and their applications. Exploring the concepts of electric potential, potential due to a point charge or system of charges, capacitance, and their interplay forms the core of this chapter. Understanding electrostatic potential and capacitance is not just crucial from a theoretical standpoint but also finds practical applications in various technological fields. This chapter unveils the intricacies of electrical energy storage, transmission, and the fundamental principles that underpin modern electronics, making it an essential and intriguing area of study. In this study, we delve into the electrostatic potential and capacitance important questions which will clear our understanding of the chapter.

What are Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance?

Electrostatic potential refers to the energy held by a unit charge at a specific point within an electric field. It signifies the work done to bring a positive charge from infinity to that point. Capacitance, on the other hand, denotes the ability of a system to store electric charge based on its structure and materials. It quantifies the charge a capacitor can hold per unit of voltage applied across it. These concepts are fundamental in understanding energy storage, electric fields, and have broad applications in various technological domains. oswal.io provides electrostatics class 12 important questions which can help you in preparing for examination.

Class 12 Physics Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Important Questions and Answers

Q1. The electric potential on the axis of an electric dipole at a distance ‘r’ from it’s centre is V. Then the potential at a point at the same distance on its equatorial line will be:
Options
a) 2 V
(b) -V
(c) V/2
(d) 0

Ans. (d) 0

Explanation:
The electric potential at a point due to an electric dipole is given by: \\ \text{V} = \dfrac{\text{kP cos}\theta}{r^2} \\ For an equatorial plane , we know that \theta = \dfrac{\pi}{2} than cos 90° = 0.
For an equatorial plane, V=0
Hence option (d) is correct.

Q2. The electric potential inside a conducting sphere:
Options
(a) increases from centre to surface
(b) decreases from centre to surface
(c) remains constant from centre to surface
(d) is zero at every point inside

Ans. (c) remains constant from centre to surface
Explanation: Electric potential inside a conductor is constant and it is equal to that on the surface of the conductor.

Q3. Can the potential function have a maximum or minimum in free space?
Explanation:
In the absence of free space or atmosphere, the phenomenon of electric field or potential leakage cannot be prevented. Hence, the potential function do not have maximum or minimum in free space.

Q4. What is electric polarisation ?

Explanation:
Induction of dipole moment in non-polar dielectric in an electric field is known as electric polarisation. When a non-polar dielectric placed in external electric field, two centres (+ and – ) gets separated by small distance which gives development of dipole moment for such molecules and it is electric polarisation.

Q5. Two charges 2 µC and – 2 µC are placed at points A and B 6 cm apart.
(i) Identify an equipotential surface of the system.
(ii) What is the direction of the electric field at every point on this surface ?

Explanation:
The situation is represented in the given figure.
(i) An equipotential surface is the plane on which total potential is zero everywhere. This plane is normal to line AB. The plane is located at the mid-point of line AB because the magnitude of charges is the same.

chapter 2 physics class 12 important questions

(ii) The direction of the electric field at every point on this surface is normal to the plane in the direction of AB.

CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter wise Important Questions

Chapter No.Chapter Name
Chapter 1Electric Charges and Fields
Chapter 2Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Chapter 3Current Electricity
Chapter 4Moving Charges and Magnetism
Chapter 5Magnetism and Matter
Chapter 6Electromagnetic Induction
Chapter 7Alternating current
Chapter 8Electromagnetic Waves
Chapter 9Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Chapter 10Wave Optics
Chapter 11Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Chapter 12Atoms
Chapter 13Nuclei
Chapter 14Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Conclusion

Mastering the fundamental principles of interactions involving charged particles and their surrounding space is pivotal in comprehending Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance in Class 12 Physics. Platforms like oswal.io provide essential resources and crucial questions for class 12 physics chapter 2 important questions aiding comprehensive learning and preparation in grasping this foundational aspect of electrical phenomena.

Frequently Asked Questions

Ans: Electrostatic potential is the amount of work done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinity to a specific point in an electric field. It’s the potential energy per unit charge at that point.
Ans: Electric potential is the potential energy per unit charge at a point, while electric potential energy is the total energy possessed by a charge due to its position in an electric field.
Ans: The electrostatic potential due to a system of charges depends on their magnitudes, positions, and the medium in which they are situated.
Ans: Capacitance is the ability of a system to store electric charge per unit voltage. It’s significant in determining how much charge can be stored in a capacitor for a given potential difference across its terminals.
Ans: Capacitance depends on two primary factors: the geometry of the capacitor (like the area of the plates and the distance between them) and the properties of the material between the plates (its permittivity). Larger plate area and closer distance between plates increase capacitance, while a higher permittivity material further enhances the capacitor’s ability to store charge.
Chapter Wise Important Questions for CBSE Board Class 12 Physics
Electric Charges and Fields
Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Current Electricity
Moving Charges and Magnetism
Magnetism and Matter
Electromagnetic Induction
Alternating current
Electromagnetic Waves
Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Wave Optics
Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Atoms
Nuclei
Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits
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