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Organisms and Populations

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Class 12 Biology Chapter 11
Organisms and Populations
Important Questions

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Explore critical questions related to Chapter 11 on Organisms and Populations for Class 12 Biology. Tailored to assist students in preparing for the CBSE Class 12 Biology Examination 2024–25, these questions delve into fundamental aspects of the topic. By engaging with a variety of question formats, students can enhance their readiness for exams, bolstering confidence and refining problem-solving skills. Immerse yourself in the intricate world of Organisms and Populations with organisms and populations class 12 important questions, focusing on key aspects of the chapter.

Introduction

Organisms and Populations unravel the intricate tapestry of life, exploring the dynamics between individual organisms and their populations within ecosystems. Organisms and Populations, Class 12 Biology delves into the principles governing the distribution, abundance, and interactions of organisms. From adaptation and evolution to ecological pyramids and population dynamics, the study of Organisms and Populations deepens our understanding of the complex web of life on Earth. As we embark on this enlightening journey, we will unravel the essential concepts that underpin Organisms and Populations, accompanied by organism and population class 12 questions and answers. This ensures students are well-equipped to grasp the significance of the relationships between organisms and their environments.

What are Organisms and Populations?

Organisms and Populations encompass the study of individual organisms and their collective existence within specific environments. This chapter explores ecological principles such as adaptation, natural selection, and population dynamics. Understanding how organisms interact with each other and their surroundings provides insights into the sustainability and biodiversity of ecosystems.

Class 12 Organisms and Populations Important Questions and Answers

Q1. What is the phenomenon where an organism regulates its internal environment to maintain a stable and constant condition?
Options
(a) Homeostasis
(b) Metabolism
(c) Adaptation
(d) Evolution

Ans. (a) Homeostasis
Explanation:
Homeostasis is the process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions. It is crucial for the survival of organisms, involving the regulation of temperature, pH, and other vital physiological parameters.

Q2. In which of the following interactions is the relationship between two different species beneficial to both?
Options
(a) Commensalism
(b) Mutualism
(c) Parasitism
(d) Amensalism

Ans. (b) Mutualism

Explanation:
Mutualism is a type of ecological interaction where both species benefit from the relationship. An example is the relationship between bees and flowers, where bees get nectar for food, and flowers get their pollen spread for reproduction.

Q3. Define ecological niche.

Explanation:
An ecological niche refers to the role and position a species occupies in its environment, encompassing all its interactions with the biotic and abiotic factors. It includes how a species meets its needs for food and shelter, survives, and reproduces. The niche also incorporates the physical environment to which the species is adapted, as well as its role as a producer or consumer of resources.

Q4. What is the significance of the 'pyramid of energy' in an ecosystem?

Explanation:
The pyramid of energy represents the flow of energy at different trophic levels in an ecosystem. It is always upright, indicating that energy decreases at each successive trophic level due to energy loss as heat, respiration, and other metabolic activities. This concept is important for understanding the efficiency of energy transfer and the sustainability of different ecosystems.

Q5. Discuss the factors affecting population growth.

Explanation:
Population growth is influenced by a range of biotic and abiotic factors:

  • Birth Rate and Death Rate: The most direct factors affecting population size are the birth rate and death rate. A higher birth rate or lower death rate will lead to population growth, and vice versa.
  • Immigration and Emigration: The movement of individuals into (immigration) or out of (emigration) a population also affects its size.
  • Resource Availability: Availability of resources like food, water, and space can limit population growth. When resources are abundant, populations tend to grow; when they are scarce, the population growth may slow or decline.
  • Environmental Factors: Abiotic factors such as temperature, water, and sunlight, as well as biotic factors like predation and competition, can influence population growth and size.
  • Human Activities: Activities such as deforestation, urbanization, pollution, and habitat destruction can drastically alter habitats, reduce resource availability, and impact population sizes of various species.
  • Adaptive Strategies: Different species exhibit varying reproductive strategies. R-selected species produce many offspring with little parental care, leading to rapid population growth, while K-selected species have fewer offspring and invest more care, resulting in slower growth but greater stability.

Population growth is a dynamic process and can be modelled using mathematical equations that incorporate these factors to predict changes over time. Understanding these factors is crucial for managing wildlife resources, conserving endangered species, and predicting the impacts of human activities on ecosystems.

CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter wise Important Questions

Conclusion

The exploration of Organisms and Populations unravels the intricate relationships between individual organisms and their populations within ecosystems. Utilise resources like Oswal.io to access a wealth of materials extending beyond theoretical knowledge, offering practical insights and facilitating a deeper understanding of Class 12 Biology. Dive into the captivating world of important questions of organism and population and answers, to enhance your preparation and excel in the CBSE Class 12 Biology Examination.

Frequently Asked Questions

Ans: Natural selection promotes the survival and reproduction of organisms with advantageous traits, leading to the accumulation of those traits in the population over generations. This process enhances the diversity of species by allowing them to adapt to different environmental conditions.
Ans: Ecological pyramids illustrate the trophic structure and energy flow within ecosystems, providing insights into the relationships between producers and consumers. They help in understanding the efficiency and balance of energy transfer, which is crucial for maintaining ecological stability.
Ans: A population bottleneck occurs when a significant portion of a population is drastically reduced in size, leading to a loss of genetic diversity. This event can have long-term effects on the population’s ability to adapt to changing environments and increase its susceptibility to diseases.
Ans: Density-dependent factors, such as competition for resources and predation, become more impactful as population density increases. Density-independent factors, like natural disasters, affect populations regardless of their density. Together, these factors play a crucial role in regulating population size.
Ans: Understanding ecological niches is vital in conservation biology as it helps in designing effective conservation strategies. By considering the specific requirements and roles of species within an ecosystem, conservation efforts can be tailored to preserve biodiversity and ensure the sustainable coexistence of different species.
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