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Human Reproduction

Home / Boards / CBSE / Important Questions / Class 12 / Biology / Human Reproduction

Class 12 Biology Chapter 2
Human Reproduction
Important Questions

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Explore crucial questions related to Chapter 2 on Human Reproduction for Class 12 Biology. These specific queries have been crafted to assist students in preparing for the CBSE Class 12 Biology Examination 2024–25. Engaging with various question formats will enable students to address uncertainties, ensuring thorough readiness for the upcoming exams. Tackling these questions not only boosts confidence but also hones problem-solving skills. Elevate your understanding of sexual reproduction in flowering plants with these essential Class 12 Biology questions, covering both the vital and most important aspects of the topic.

Introduction

Human reproduction is a remarkable and intricate biological process essential for the perpetuation of our species. At the core of the human experience, this phenomenon involves the fusion of male and female reproductive cells, culminating in the creation of new life.For students delving into this subject, we delve into human reproduction class 12 important questions, providing a comprehensive understanding through human reproduction class 12 questions and answers. These important questions of human reproduction class 12, curated to align with CBSE standards, pave the way for a thorough exploration of this crucial aspect of biology education.

What is Human Reproduction?

Human reproduction is the intricate biological process by which new individuals of the human species are generated, ensuring the continuation of the population. This complex journey begins with the fusion of male and female reproductive cells, known as gametes, during the process of fertilisation. Human reproduction involves several key stages, including gametogenesis, where specialised cells called sperm and ova are produced, and fertilisation, where a sperm cell penetrates an egg cell, forming a zygote. The zygote then undergoes a series of divisions, leading to embryonic development within the mother’s womb. The entire process encompasses a myriad of physiological, hormonal, and developmental changes, showcasing the intricate beauty of life’s continuity. In academic contexts, studying human reproduction is often accompanied by exploring important questions and answers, and class 12 students may encounter human reproduction class 12 important questions to deepen their understanding of this fundamental biological process.

Class 12 Human Reproduction Important Questions and Answers

Q1. Which hormone is responsible for the maturation of ovarian follicles?
Options
(a) Progesterone
(b) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
(c) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
(d) Oestrogen

Ans. (c) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Explanation:
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is responsible for the maturation of ovarian follicles in females. It stimulates the growth and development of the ovarian follicles, each containing an egg.

Q2. What is the site of fertilisation in the female reproductive system?
Options
(a) Uterus
(b) Ovary
(c) Fallopian tube
(d) Vagina

Ans. (c) Fallopian tube
Explanation:
Fertilisation typically occurs in the fallopian tube, specifically in the ampulla region. This is where the sperm and egg meet, leading to the formation of a zygote.

Q3. Explain the role of the placenta in foetal development.

Explanation:
The placenta is a vital organ that forms in the uterus during pregnancy. It plays a crucial role in foetal development by facilitating the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the mother and the foetus. The placenta produces hormones like human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), oestrogen, and progesterone, which are essential for maintaining the pregnancy. Placenta ensures a rich blood supply to the developing foetus through the umbilical cord, which contains blood vessels that connect the foetus to the placenta. It aids in the development of the foetus by providing a stable environment, helping regulate temperature and maintaining fluid balance. The placenta also helps in the disposal of metabolic waste produced by the foetus, ensuring a healthier intrauterine environment.

Q4. Describe the process of oogenesis in humans.

Explanation:
Oogenesis is the process of egg formation in females. Oogenesis begins during foetal development. Oogonia, the diploid germ cells, proliferate through mitosis and enter the first meiotic division to become primary oocytes. The primary oocytes become arrested in prophase I of meiosis and remain in this dormant state until puberty. With the onset of puberty and the hormonal changes in the menstrual cycle, a few primary oocytes resume meiosis each month. Typically, one primary oocyte completes meiosis I during each menstrual cycle, resulting in a secondary oocyte (haploid) and a smaller first polar body (also haploid), which usually degenerates. The secondary oocyte then enters meiosis II but gets arrested at metaphase II. It will only complete this second meiotic division if fertilisation occurs. If a sperm successfully penetrates the secondary oocyte, meiosis II resumes, producing one ovum (egg) and a second polar body, which also degenerates. The mature ovum is released during ovulation and can then participate in fertilisation. The polar bodies are not functional and serve to eliminate excess genetic material.

Q5. Discuss the hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle in humans.

Explanation:
The menstrual cycle is regulated by a complex interplay of hormones:

  • Follicular Phase: The cycle begins with the follicular phase, characterised by the secretion of FSH and LH, which stimulates follicular growth in the ovaries. The developing follicles produce oestrogen, which helps in the rebuilding of the uterine lining (endometrium).
  • Ovulation: Increased oestrogen levels eventually lead to a surge in LH, triggering ovulation, the release of the ovum from the ovary.
  • Luteal Phase: After ovulation, the remnant of the follicle in the ovary forms the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone. Progesterone maintains the endometrium, making it suitable for implantation.
  • Menstruation: If fertilisation does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, leading to a decrease in progesterone and oestrogen levels. This hormonal change causes the shedding of the uterine lining, leading to menstruation.
  • Regulation: The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland play a crucial role in regulating these hormonal changes. The hypothalamus secretes Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the pituitary to release FSH and LH.

This cycle repeats approximately every 28 days and is an essential part of female reproductive health, preparing the body for potential pregnancy.

CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter wise Important Questions

Chapter No.Chapter Name
Chapter 1Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Chapter 2Human Reproduction
Chapter 3Reproductive Health
Chapter 4Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Chapter 5Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Chapter 6Evolution
Chapter 7Human Health and Disease
Chapter 8Microbes in Human Welfare
Chapter 9Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
Chapter 10Biotechnology and its Applications
Chapter 11Organisms and Populations
Chapter 12Ecosystem
Chapter 13Biodiversity and Conservation

Conclusion

The journey through human reproduction unveils the intricate dance of life, from the initial fusion of gametes to the miraculous development of a new individual. For students navigating the realm of human reproduction, delving into human reproduction class 12 important questions provides a crucial avenue for a more comprehensive understanding. Whether exploring important questions of human reproduction class 12 or seeking insights from specific important questions from human reproduction class 12, students are equipped with the knowledge to appreciate the intricacies of human life and reproduction. In addition, for those seeking a robust educational resource, Oswal.io offers a rich collection of questions and materials.

Frequently Asked Questions

Ans: Gametogenesis is the process by which specialised cells called gametes (sperm in males and eggs in females) are produced. In males, this occurs through spermatogenesis, while in females, it is known as oogenesis.
Ans: Fertilisation is the union of a sperm cell and an egg cell, typically occurring in the fallopian tube. This process forms a zygote, which then undergoes divisions to develop into an embryo.
Ans: Hormones, such as oestrogen and progesterone in females and testosterone in males, regulate various aspects of human reproduction. They influence the development of reproductive organs, the menstrual cycle, and the maintenance of pregnancy.
Ans: After fertilisation, the zygote undergoes cleavage, forming a blastocyst. The blastocyst then implants into the uterus, initiating embryonic development, which progresses through the stages of gastrulation and organogenesis.
Ans: Yes, common disorders include infertility, endometriosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Treatment may involve medication, surgery, or assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF).
Chapter Wise Important Questions for CBSE Board Class 12 Biology
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Human Reproduction
Reproductive Health
Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Evolution
Human Health and Disease
Microbes in Human Welfare
Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
Biotechnology and its Applications
Organisms and Populations
Ecosystem
Biodiversity and Conservation
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